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Treatment failure and recurrent human listeriosis

J McLauchlin1, A Audurier, A G Taylor

  • 1PHLS Division of Microbiological Reagents and Quality Control, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London, UK.

Insights

Recurrent listeriosis can occur due to reinfection or reactivation of Listeria monocytogenes. Ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside for 3-4 weeks is the recommended treatment for this serious infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Recurrent listeriosis, while uncommon, presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, particularly concerning in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cases of recurrent listeriosis to understand causative factors and optimal treatment strategies.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of current treatment protocols for recurrent Listeria monocytogenes infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 12 patients with recurrent listeriosis.
  • Case report of 2 additional patients with dual episodes of listeriosis.
  • Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes strains from initial and subsequent episodes.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen patients experienced two episodes of listeriosis.
  • Seven patients had recurrent infections caused by the same Listeria monocytogenes strain, suggesting reactivation.
  • One patient's recurrent infection was due to a different strain, indicating reinfection.
  • Twelve patients received inappropriate initial therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent listeriosis can stem from either endogenous reactivation or exogenous reinfection.
  • Appropriate and timely antimicrobial therapy is crucial for managing listeriosis.
  • A treatment regimen of ampicillin combined with an aminoglycoside for three to four weeks remains the standard of care.

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