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Composite tissue engineering on polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffolds.

Courtney R Reed¹, Li Han, Anthony Andrady

¹Division of Plastic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7195, USA.

Annals of Plastic Surgery

|April 24, 2009

Summary

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This study explores composite tissue engineering using polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers to mimic the extracellular matrix. PCL scaffolds support robust cell growth and osteoinduction, showing promise for complex tissue regeneration.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Current tissue engineering often focuses on single tissues, but clinical healing involves composite tissues.
Nanofibers mimic the extracellular matrix, enhancing cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration.
Stem cell manipulation on nanofiber scaffolds is crucial for advanced tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop building blocks for composite tissue engineering using polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers.
To assess the viability and differentiation of multiple cell types on PCL nanofiber scaffolds.
To evaluate the potential of PCL nanofibers for creating trilaminar composite tissues.

Main Methods:

Electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers.

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Culturing human foreskin fibroblasts, murine keratinocytes, and periosteal cells on PCL scaffolds.

Osteoinduction of human fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells on PCL nanofibers.

Assessing cell growth, differentiation, and osteogenesis using specific assays.

Main Results:

PCL nanofiber scaffolds supported robust growth of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and periosteal cells.
Coculturing keratinocytes with periosteal cells and fibroblasts improved keratinocyte longevity.
Significant osteoinduction was observed on PCL nanofiber scaffolds.
Cell distribution within the scaffold was random, posing challenges for layered constructs.

Conclusions:

Composite tissue engineering using PCL nanofiber scaffolds is feasible.
Key challenges include maintaining interfaces between different tissue types and achieving neovascularization.
Further research is needed to overcome obstacles for creating functional trilaminar constructs.