Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Common genetic variations of deiodinase genes and prognosis of brain tumor patients.

Endocrine·2019
Same author

Exploring Cognitive Concomitants of Mental Fatigue in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Neuropsychobiology·2018
Same author

Prognostic role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in glioma and meningioma patients.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2018
Same author

Preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concertation and prognosis of brain tumor patients: a 5-year follow up study.

Scientific reports·2017
Same author

Cognitive Functioning in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: Associations with Thyroid Hormones, N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2017
Same author

Preoperative low tri-iodothyronine concentration is associated with worse health status and shorter five year survival of primary brain tumor patients.

Oncotarget·2017
Same journal

Neuroimaging in older-age bipolar disorder.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Pharmacological maintenance treatment in older age bipolar disorder.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Harmful behaviours and suicide in later life bipolar disorder.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Urbanization, wildfire exposure, and youth mental health: a narrative review.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Bipolar disorder and the risk of developing dementia - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Current opinion in psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Thyroid disorders in mental patients.

Robertas Bunevicius1

  • 1Institute of Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, Palanga, Lithuania. rob@ktl.mii.lt

Current Opinion in Psychiatry
|April 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones are crucial for brain function and mental health. Genetic variations affecting thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and receptors in the brain are linked to mental disorders and treatment responses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are vital for brain development and function.
  • Emerging research highlights their role in mental disorders through secretion, transport, and metabolism.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on thyroid hormone roles in the brain.
  • To explore the influence of thyroid hormones on mental health and psychiatric treatments.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms and genetic factors involved.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on thyroid hormones and the brain.
  • Analysis of factors influencing intracellular thyroid hormone action.
  • Examination of genetic variations in thyroid hormone-axis-related proteins.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone action in the brain depends on hormone levels, transporters, deiodinases, and receptors.
  • Genetic variations in thyroid-axis proteins impact brain thyroid hormone activity.
  • These variations contribute to mental disorder presentation and treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating genetic alterations in neuronal thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and receptors is crucial.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding thyroid hormone effects in the brain.
  • Identifying genetic markers and novel therapeutic targets for mental disorders is a key outcome.