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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

Creating functional vesicle assemblies from vesicles and nanoparticles.

Robert J Mart¹, Kwan Ping Liem, Simon J Webb

¹Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and the School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M17DN, UK.

Pharmaceutical Research

|April 24, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vesicle assemblies offer unique drug delivery advantages. Researchers developed magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies for targeted drug release, creating thermally-sensitive versions for controlled methotrexate delivery.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

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Published on: April 8, 2020

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Vesicles (liposomes) are established drug delivery vehicles.
Vesicle assemblies offer unique properties like tissue localization and enhanced functionality.
Vesicle assemblies have been underutilized in drug delivery applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review progress in controlling vesicle assembly properties in vitro.
To explore in vivo applications of vesicle assemblies.
To investigate the formation and properties of magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies for drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Crosslinking vesicles with coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles to create magnetic assemblies.
Studying the in vitro formation of magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies.
Investigating the effects of magnetic nanoparticle concentration, pH, lipid structure, and bilayer composition.
Developing thermally-sensitive magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies.

Main Results:

Magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies exhibit magnetic responsiveness for potential magnetically-induced release.
Formation of these assemblies is influenced by nanoparticle concentration, pH, and lipid/bilayer composition.
Development of thermally-sensitive assemblies capable of releasing encapsulated methotrexate upon warming.

Conclusions:

Magnetic nanoparticle-vesicle assemblies represent a promising platform for advanced drug delivery.
Controlled in vitro formation allows for tailored properties of these assemblies.
Thermally-sensitive magnetic assemblies enable triggered drug release, exemplified by methotrexate delivery.