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Related Concept Videos

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
09:34

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

Published on: December 10, 2016

Structural and functional link between the mitochondrial network and the endoplasmic reticulum.

Carlotta Giorgi1, Diego De Stefani, Angela Bononi

  • 1Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI) and Emilia Romagna Laboratory BioPharmaNet, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) are crucial for cell health and survival. This review covers their structure, dynamics, calcium transport, and roles in health and disease.

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Quantitative Analysis of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Stabilization in a Neural Model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) networks maintain cellular homeostasis and cell fate.
  • These organelles interact at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), crucial contact sites.
  • MAM facilitates inter-organelle communication, impacting bioenergetics and cell survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and dynamics of ER and mitochondria.
  • To explain the fundamental principles of ER-mitochondrial calcium transport.
  • To discuss the physiological and pathological significance of ER-mitochondria cross-talk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of structural and functional studies.
  • Analysis of research on organelle interaction and communication.
  • Synthesis of data on calcium transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • ER and mitochondria exhibit dynamic structural interactions.
  • Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) are key sites for inter-organelle communication.
  • ER-mitochondrial cross-talk influences cellular bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and cell fate.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between ER and mitochondria via MAM is vital for cellular function.
  • Understanding ER-mitochondrial calcium transport is essential for comprehending cellular responses to stress.
  • Dysregulation of MAM-mediated communication contributes to various pathologies.