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Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies.

T Slots¹, G Butler, C Leifert

¹Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.

Journal of Dairy Science

|April 25, 2009

Summary

Cow diet significantly impacts milk composition, affecting fatty acid profiles and antioxidant levels. Extensive pasture-based systems yield milk richer in beneficial fatty acids and antioxidants, though with lower overall yield.

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Area of Science:

Dairy Science
Animal Nutrition
Food Chemistry

Background:

Dietary strategies in dairy farming influence milk's nutritional quality.
Understanding these impacts is crucial for optimizing milk production and health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how different cow diets affect milk composition, focusing on fatty acids and antioxidants.
To compare conventional, organic, and low-input non-organic milk production systems.

Main Methods:

Bulk-tank milk samples were collected from conventional, organic, and low-input non-organic farms.
Management and production parameters were recorded alongside milk analysis.
Fatty acid profiles, including linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid, and antioxidant concentrations were determined.

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Main Results:

High cereal, pasture, and grass silage diets resulted in milk rich in alpha-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Maize silage-heavy diets produced milk high in linoleic acid (LA) and monounsaturated fatty acids.
Extensive pasture-based systems showed higher concentrations of conjugated LA, trans-vaccenic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene).

Conclusions:

Cow's diet is a primary driver of milk's fatty acid and antioxidant composition.
Extensive, pasture-based dairy systems produce milk with superior nutritional profiles, including a favorable n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio.
While beneficial, extensive systems may lead to reduced daily milk yield.