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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Lupus nephritis.

Sandeep Singh1, Ramesh Saxena

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lupus nephritis (LN) diagnosis relies on kidney biopsy and new classifications improve patient categorization. While treatments improved, new therapies targeting molecular pathways are emerging to address efficacy and toxicity concerns.

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common systemic lupus erythematosus manifestation.
  • Kidney biopsy is crucial for LN diagnosis, often indicated by urinary/serum abnormalities.
  • Current treatments improve prognosis but have toxicity concerns, and up to 20% progress to renal failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding LN pathogenesis.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lupus nephritis classification and treatment.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors.
  • Discussion of novel therapeutic strategies based on molecular pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • New ISN/RPS classification enhances LN categorization compared to WHO.
  • Despite treatment advances, significant renal failure rates and drug toxicities persist.
  • Understanding of LN molecular pathways has identified new potential drug targets.

Conclusions:

  • Lupus nephritis management requires updated diagnostic approaches and improved therapeutic options.
  • Emerging therapies targeting molecular pathways offer promise for better efficacy and reduced toxicity.
  • Ongoing trials are critical to validate new treatments for lupus nephritis.