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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps

Published on: February 9, 2017

Characterizing gene expressions based on their temporal observations.

Jiuzhou Song1, Hong-Bin Fang, Kangmin Duan

  • 1Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. songj88@umd.edu

Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for analyzing temporal gene expression data, modeling gene trajectories as longitudinal data. This approach effectively evaluates gene effects and treatment outcomes in complex biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Temporal gene expression data offers rich insights into gene function and is crucial for biomedical studies.
  • Extracting temporal information and identifying treatment effects from gene expression data remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for classifying temporal gene expression curves.
  • To evaluate gene effects and treatment impacts using longitudinal data analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling individual gene expression trajectories as longitudinal data with dynamic variance and covariance structures.
  • Utilizing generalized linear mixed models for analysis.
  • Applying the method to dense temporal gene expression data in bacteria.

Main Results:

  • The proposed methodology effectively models temporal gene expression.
  • It enables robust evaluation of gene effects and treatment efficacy.
  • The study characterized measurement power and optimal time points.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized mixed model approach is a promising tool for analyzing temporal gene expression data.
  • This methodology is broadly applicable to high-throughput temporal gene expression analyses.