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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

PPARγ2 polymorphism and human health.

Weimin He¹

¹Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. whe@ibt.tamhsc.edu

|April 25, 2009

Summary

The Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) influences insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes risk. Its effects are complex, interacting with diet and other genes.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Genetics

Background:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor crucial for adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.
Genetic variations in PPARγ can alter insulin sensitivity, impacting metabolic health.
The PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is a common variant linked to metabolic traits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism.
To explore its association with insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases.
To highlight the complex interactions influencing its effects.

Main Methods:

Literature review of genetic association studies.
Analysis of research on PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism.

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Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

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Published on: March 28, 2013

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Synthesis of data on interactions with environmental and genetic factors.

Main Results:

The PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with lower body mass index and enhanced insulin sensitivity.
Conflicting results across populations suggest interactions with dietary factors (fatty acid ratios) and other genes.
The polymorphism is also linked to cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer disease, and aging.

Conclusions:

The PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism has a multifaceted role in human health.
Environmental and genetic interactions significantly modulate its impact on metabolic and other diseases.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex relationships.