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Related Concept Videos

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations01:17

Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations

James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the significant contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge of the laws of electricity and the laws of magnetism with his insights to form a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, represented by Maxwell's equations. The four basic laws of electricity and magnetism were discovered experimentally through the work of physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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Anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic spectral transfer in the diffusion approximation.

W H Matthaeus1, S Oughton, Y Zhou

  • 1Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model describes energy transfer in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence as a diffusion process in wave vector space. This extends prior theories and may aid space and astrophysical research.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Published on: September 2, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Turbulence in space and astrophysical plasmas is often anisotropic.
  • Understanding spectral energy transfer is crucial for modeling these systems.
  • Existing models often assume isotropy, limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for spectral transfer in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence.
  • To extend existing isotropic k-space diffusion theories to anisotropic MHD turbulence.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical model is proposed.
  • Energy transport in wave vector (k) space is approximated as a nonlinear diffusion process.
  • Formal closure is achieved at the spectral equation level.

Main Results:

  • A model for spectral transfer in anisotropic MHD turbulence is introduced.
  • The model extends previous isotropic k-space diffusion theories.
  • The approach provides a formal closure at the spectral equation level.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theoretical model offers a new perspective on energy transfer in anisotropic MHD turbulence.
  • This approach may be valuable for simulations and theoretical studies in space and astrophysical applications.
  • The nonlinear diffusion approximation in k-space provides a potentially useful framework.