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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight Junctions
Tight...
Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
11:27

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1

Published on: September 18, 2019

Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions.

M Kamenetska1, M Koentopp, A C Whalley

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied how single-molecule junctions form and evolve. Molecular length impacts elongation and formation, indicating complex processes beyond simple bond breaking are involved in junction stability.

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular electronics
  • * Surface science
  • * Physical chemistry

Background:

  • * Understanding single-molecule junctions is crucial for molecular electronics.
  • * The behavior of these junctions under stress is not fully understood.
  • * Different linking groups (amine, methyl sulfide, dimethyl phosphine) can influence junction properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the formation and evolution statistics of single-molecule junctions.
  • * To determine the role of molecular length and linking groups in junction stability.
  • * To elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms governing junction evolution under elongation.

Main Methods:

  • * Experimental measurement of conductance versus junction elongation for various molecular linkers.
  • * Theoretical analysis using density functional theory (DFT) to model adiabatic trajectories.
  • * Correlation of experimental observations with atomistic structural changes.

Main Results:

  • * Maximum elongation and formation probability increase with molecular length for all link groups.
  • * Evidence suggests processes beyond metal-molecule bond breakage are critical for junction evolution.
  • * DFT calculations reveal atomic-scale structural changes, including attachment point shifts, explaining long conductance plateaus.

Conclusions:

  • * Molecular length and linking group chemistry significantly influence single-molecule junction stability.
  • * Junction evolution under stress involves complex structural rearrangements, not just bond rupture.
  • * Theoretical modeling provides insights into the atomistic mechanisms governing junction behavior.