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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Hole-nuclear spin interaction in quantum dots.

B Eble1, C Testelin, P Desfonds

  • 1Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR 7588, INSP, Paris, F-75015 France.

Physical Review Letters
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied spin dynamics in InAs/GaAs quantum dots, finding evidence of hyperfine interaction between hole and nuclear spins. This interaction explains the observed hole-spin dephasing time in these semiconductor nanostructures.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Carrier spin dynamics are crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Understanding spin interactions in semiconductor nanostructures is essential for device development.
  • Indium Arsenide (InAs)/Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) quantum dots are promising for spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate carrier spin dynamics in p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots.
  • To experimentally verify the role of hyperfine interactions in spin dephasing.
  • To determine the hole-spin dephasing time in an ensemble of quantum dots.

Main Methods:

  • Pump-probe spectroscopy to measure carrier spin dynamics.
  • Time-resolved photoluminescence to probe spin relaxation.
  • Theoretical calculations based on dipole-dipole coupling.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence of hyperfine interaction between hole and nuclear spins was obtained.
  • A hole-spin dephasing time of 14 ns was calculated for an ensemble of dots.
  • Calculated dephasing time closely agreed with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperfine interaction significantly influences carrier spin dynamics in InAs/GaAs quantum dots.
  • The measured hole-spin dephasing is well-explained by dipole-dipole coupling with nuclear spins.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of spin decoherence in quantum dot systems.