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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...

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Current-induced control of spin-wave attenuation.

Soo-Man Seo1, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyunsoo Yang

  • 1Department of Materials Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.

Physical Review Letters
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Spin wave attenuation in magnetic nanowires is modified by electric current. Spin wave amplification occurs when spin-transfer torque is large enough, indicating potential for spin wave devices.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spin waves are fundamental excitations in magnetic materials.
  • Controlling spin wave propagation is crucial for spintronic applications.
  • Current-induced effects offer a pathway to manipulate spin waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate theoretically and numerically how electric current affects spin wave attenuation in magnetic nanowires.
  • To explore the relationship between spin wave attenuation and spin-transfer torque nonadiabaticity.
  • To identify conditions for spin wave amplification.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of spin wave propagation in magnetic nanowires.
  • Numerical simulations to analyze current-induced effects.

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  • Analysis of spin-transfer torque nonadiabaticity.

    • Main Results:

    • Spin wave attenuation length increases when spin waves and electrons propagate in the same direction.
    • Attenuation length is directly influenced by the nonadiabaticity of spin-transfer torque.
    • Negative attenuation length, leading to spin wave amplification, is observed for sufficiently large nonadiabatic spin torque.

    Conclusions:

    • Current-induced spin wave attenuation is a tunable property in magnetic nanowires.
    • Nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque is a key factor in modifying spin wave attenuation and enabling amplification.
    • This study provides a method to estimate nonadiabaticity and highlights potential for spin wave amplification.