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Related Concept Videos

The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation
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Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation

Published on: August 23, 2018

Marrow fat and the bone microenvironment: developmental, functional, and pathological implications.

Clifford J Rosen1, Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell, Juan Pablo Rodriguez

  • 1Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04041, USA. rofe@aol.com

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone marrow fat generation, or adipogenesis, is a normal process, but its exact function remains unclear. Research using mouse models and advanced imaging is exploring its role alongside bone and blood cell development.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation
07:00

Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation

Published on: August 23, 2018

A Human Bone Marrow 3D Model to Investigate the Dynamics and Interactions Between Resident Cells in Physiological or Tumoral Contexts
09:07

A Human Bone Marrow 3D Model to Investigate the Dynamics and Interactions Between Resident Cells in Physiological or Tumoral Contexts

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Physiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Bone marrow adipogenesis is a normal physiological process in mammals with an unknown function.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are precursors to both adipocytes and osteoblasts.
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is crucial for adipocyte differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of bone marrow adipogenesis.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating stromal cell fate.
  • To explore the relationship between hematopoietic, osteoblastic, and adipogenic cells in the bone marrow niche.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models to study stromal cell fate.
  • Employed newer imaging techniques to track bone marrow fat generation.
  • Reviewed existing literature on bone marrow adipogenesis and associated conditions.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models have provided insights into molecular cues governing stromal cell differentiation.
  • Accelerated marrow adipogenesis in humans is linked to aging, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis.
  • Imaging techniques allow for the study of the developmental timeline of bone marrow fat accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • The precise function of bone marrow adipogenesis requires further investigation.
  • Understanding the interplay between different cell types in the marrow niche is critical.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationships within the bone marrow microenvironment.