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Development and evolution of the pallium.

Loreta Medina1, Antonio Abellán

  • 1Laboratory of Brain Development and Evolution, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Institut of Biomedical Research of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), 25008 Spain. loreta.medina@mex.udl.cat

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mammalian neocortex evolved from the dorsal pallium, sharing homology with sauropsidian dorsal pallium. Evolutionary changes in developmental signaling centers like the cortical hem influenced brain structure divergence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The neocortex, crucial for complex cognition, presents an evolutionary puzzle due to divergent vertebrate pallium evolution.
  • Understanding its origin requires comparing homologous pallial subdivisions across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review developmental neurobiology data to understand genetic factors in pallial subdivision and evolution.
  • To identify key developmental and phylogenetic changes driving pallial divergence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of developmental neurobiology data across vertebrates.
  • Review of genetic factors underlying pallial patterning and subdivision.
  • Examination of evolutionary changes in signaling centers and cell layers.

Main Results:

  • The pallium in all tetrapods develops into four homologous histogenetic subdivisions.
  • The neocortex originates from the dorsal pallium, homologous to sauropsidian dorsal pallium.
  • Evolutionary differences in the cortical hem and the emergence of the subventricular zone correlate with neocortical evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The dorsal pallium is the evolutionary precursor to the mammalian neocortex.
  • Developmental mechanisms, particularly involving the cortical hem and subventricular zone, explain pallial divergence.
  • Epigenetic factors can modulate functional area development within evolutionary constraints.