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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Glucose-responsive gene expression system for gene therapy.

Jong Chul Won1, Byoung Doo Rhee, Kyung Soo Ko

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Mitochondrial Research Group, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
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Glucose regulates gene expression for mammals to adapt to their nutritional needs. This review covers glucose-responsive genes and gene therapy for diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Glucose is a primary fuel source, modulating gene expression for cellular adaptation to glycemic changes.
  • Glucose stimulates transcription of insulin, glycolytic, and lipogenic genes in pancreatic beta-cells and the liver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the transcriptional regulation of glucose-responsive genes.
  • To discuss advances in gene therapy utilizing glucose-responsive gene expression for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on glucose-responsive gene regulation.
  • Analysis of the role of carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP).

Main Results:

  • Glucose significantly impacts gene expression crucial for metabolic adaptation.
  • Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) plays a key role in regulating genes in response to glucose and dietary carbohydrates.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding glucose-mediated gene regulation is vital for metabolic health.
  • Glucose-responsive gene expression holds promise for innovative diabetes gene therapies.