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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

Multi-scale mechanics from molecules to morphogenesis.

Lance Davidson1, Michelangelo von Dassow, Jian Zhou

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 5059-BST3, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. lad43@pitt.edu

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the physics of embryonic development, focusing on biomechanics and structural proteins. Understanding these mechanical processes is crucial for comprehending morphogenesis and organogenesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

AFM and Microrheology in the Zebrafish Embryo Yolk Cell
09:47

AFM and Microrheology in the Zebrafish Embryo Yolk Cell

Published on: November 29, 2017

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis
06:33

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis

Published on: June 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dynamic mechanical forces are critical for embryonic and organ development.
  • The fundamental physics, forces, and tissue responses during morphogenesis are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline basic biomechanical principles in development.
  • To provide examples of biomechanical analyses in developing embryos.
  • To review the role of structural proteins in embryonic tissue mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on developmental biomechanics.
  • Analysis of biomechanical principles applied to embryonic development.
  • Examination of structural proteins' contribution to tissue mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Biomechanical principles offer a framework for understanding developmental forces.
  • Structural proteins are key in establishing and maintaining tissue mechanical properties.
  • Mechanics must be studied across multiple temporal and spatial scales.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating mechanics from molecules to whole embryos, over various timescales, is essential.
  • Further research is needed to integrate molecular and physical processes in morphogenesis and organogenesis.