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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Dynamic decrease in PD-1 expression correlates with HBV-specific memory CD8 T-cell development in acute self-limited

Zheng Zhang1, Bo Jin, Ji-Yuan Zhang

  • 1Research Centre for Biological Therapy, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China.

Journal of Hepatology
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) impairs CD8 T-cell responses in acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. PD-1 signaling also correlates with memory CD8 T-cell development after HBV infection resolution.

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Published on: October 20, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • T-cell biology

Background:

  • Programmed death-1 (PD-1) upregulation impairs CD8 T-cell responses in chronic viral infections.
  • The role of PD-1 in virus-specific memory CD8 T cells during acute viral infections is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of PD-1 on virus-specific memory CD8 T cells in acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  • To understand the dynamics of PD-1 expression and its correlation with T-cell function and memory development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of PD-1 expression in HBV-specific memory CD8 T cells from patients with acute HBV infection.
  • In vitro blocking of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions to assess effector T-cell function.
  • Phenotypic and functional characterization of memory CD8 T cells post-disease resolution.

Main Results:

  • PD-1 was upregulated at clinical onset, suppressing HBV-specific effector CD8 T cells.
  • Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 enhanced effector T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production.
  • PD-1 decrease correlated with memory CD8 T-cell development, characterized by changes in surface markers and improved function.

Conclusions:

  • PD-1 signaling inhibits HBV-specific CD8 T-cell effector function during acute infection.
  • PD-1 expression dynamics are linked to the development of HBV-specific memory CD8 T cells after infection resolution.