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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
06:10

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Cross-talk among bone cells.

Koichi Matsuo1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. matsuo@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone cells communicate to maintain bone integrity. This review explores new findings on intercellular communication, including pH regulation and osteocyte signaling, crucial for bone remodeling.

More Related Videos

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
09:31

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Published on: April 8, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
06:10

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
09:31

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Published on: April 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Communication
  • Skeletal Homeostasis

Background:

  • Bone integrity relies on constant communication between osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.
  • Intercellular signaling is vital for regulating bone resorption and formation throughout adult life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review frontier research on intercellular communication among bone cells.
  • To highlight novel molecules and mechanisms involved in bone cell communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on bone cell communication.
  • Analysis of molecular and ionic signaling pathways.
  • Examination of the role of the bone remodeling compartment and lacuno-canaliculi network.

Main Results:

  • Bone remodeling compartment is critical for osteoclast-osteoblast communication.
  • Osteoclastic pH regulation rapidly activates osteoblastic bone formation.
  • Osteocytes regulate surface bone cells via the lacuno-canaliculi network.
  • New molecules and mechanisms coupling bone formation to resorption have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Bone cell differentiation, activation, and apoptosis are interdependent.
  • Intercellular communication occurs via ligand-receptor interactions, extracellular molecules/ions, and gap junctions.
  • The four-dimensional architecture of bone tissue is essential for effective cell communication.