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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
16:30

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

Published on: October 1, 2007

Editorial.

J Eberly, G Rassam

    Optics Express
    |April 28, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This Optics Express review examines journal achievements and shortfalls from both internal and external perspectives. It highlights how differing viewpoints can distort perceptions of scientific reality.

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    BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
    16:30

    BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

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    Perspectives on Neuroscience
    26:41

    Perspectives on Neuroscience

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    Major Components of the Light Microscope
    08:08

    Major Components of the Light Microscope

    Published on: July 30, 2008

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Scientific Publishing
    • Journal Metrics

    Background:

    • A year-end review of Optics Express is presented.
    • The concept of "reality" in scientific perception is explored.
    • Internal (Editorial Board, OSA staff) and external (readers, authors, reviewers) viewpoints are considered.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a balanced assessment of Optics Express's performance.
    • To analyze how different perspectives shape the understanding of journal achievements and shortcomings.
    • To offer a "reality check" on the journal's standing.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of internal perspectives from the Editorial Board and OSA staff.
    • Analysis of external perspectives from readers, authors, and reviewers.
    • Qualitative assessment of journal performance based on these viewpoints.

    Main Results:

    • Both internal and external viewpoints reveal distinct sets of achievements and shortfalls.
    • Perceptions of the journal's reality can be distorted by proximity or distance of the viewpoint.
    • A comprehensive understanding requires integrating both inside and outside perspectives.

    Conclusions:

    • A dual perspective is crucial for accurately evaluating a scientific journal.
    • Recognizing and addressing the gap between internal and external views can improve journal operations.
    • Optics Express, like any journal, has areas for improvement identified through this critical lens.