Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller aligns...
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing Dynamical Models Through Diffeomorphic Vector Field Alignment.

Neural computation·2026
Same author

Encoding neural representations of time-continuous stimulus-response transformations in the human brain with advanced deep neural networks.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Don't Tell Us How Strong It Feels! Converging and Discriminant Validity of an Indirect Measure of Emotional Evidence Accumulation Efficiency.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same author

Beyond Valence and Arousal: Distributed Facial Patterns Linked to Specific Emotions Cannot be Reduced to Core Affect.

Affective science·2026
Same author

Probing the causal contribution of premotor and parietal cortex in habit formation and expression.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

Advances in deep reinforcement learning enable better predictions of human behavior in time-continuous tasks.

PloS one·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Attention, intention, and strategy in preparatory control.

Hannes Ruge1, Todd Braver, Nachshon Meiran

  • 1Institute of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany. ruge@psychologie.tu-dresden.de

Neuropsychologia
|April 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study used fMRI to investigate brain activity during preparation for tasks. It identified distinct neural patterns linked to stimulus attention, action intention, and individual response readiness.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding preparatory control is crucial for explaining cognitive flexibility.
  • Previous research has explored neural correlates of task preparation, but distinctions between different control types remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of different forms of preparatory control.
  • To differentiate brain activation patterns associated with advance task cues versus advance target information.
  • To explore the role of advance response information in modulating preparatory brain activity.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Participants' brain activation was monitored during tasks with varying levels of advance information (task cues, ambiguous targets, pre-determined responses).
  • Analysis focused on identifying distinct patterns of neural activation in response to different preparatory conditions.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct patterns of brain activation were observed in different regions.
  • Posterior lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and parietal cortex showed sustained activation for both cues and targets.
  • Anterior LPFC and parietal cortex exhibited selective activation by advance targets, independent of response information.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest three types of preparatory control: attentional (stimulus-oriented), intentional (action-oriented), and a strategic component influencing individual differences.
  • Specific brain regions differentially support these preparatory control mechanisms.
  • Results challenge certain models of task-selective attention in cued task-switching scenarios.