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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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[Stem cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: a clinical update].

S Schippling1, R Martin

  • 1Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Klinische Multiple Sklerose Forschung (INIMS), Falkenried 3, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. s.schippling@uke.uni-hamburg.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) shows promise for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with nearly 500 cases reported. Ongoing trials and careful patient selection are crucial for optimizing this stem cell therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Hematology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Context:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Animal models like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) show immunosuppression followed by bone marrow transplantation can ameliorate disease.
  • Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for MS since 1995.

Purpose:

  • To review the current evidence and ongoing research regarding AHSCT for multiple sclerosis.
  • To highlight the need for improved patient selection and risk-benefit assessment for AHSCT in MS.

Summary:

  • Over 500 cases of AHSCT in MS patients have been reported by the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), demonstrating favorable outcomes for many.
  • Controlled trials, including the ASTIMS study, are underway to further evaluate AHSCT's efficacy in MS.
  • Despite a reduced transplant-related mortality of 1%, critical issues regarding long-term safety and patient selection persist.

Impact:

  • AHSCT offers a potential disease-modifying therapy for select multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Further research and controlled trials are essential to establish the definitive role and optimal application of AHSCT in MS management.
  • Understanding the benefit-to-risk ratio is critical, especially with the advent of new MS therapies with lymphoablative properties.