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Altered developmental toxicity caused by three carrier solvents.

J R Rayburn1, D J DeYoung, J A Bantle

  • 1Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|August 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Carrier solvents in aquatic bioassays can alter test results, impacting toxicity assessments. Careful solvent selection is crucial, as interactions affect mortality, malformation, and growth endpoints, even at low concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Aquatic bioassays
  • Developmental toxicology

Background:

  • Aquatic bioassays frequently use chemical solvents to dissolve water-insoluble substances.
  • Solvent-test material interactions can yield inaccurate toxicity data (false positives/negatives).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interactions between common solvents and known teratogens in aquatic bioassays.
  • To evaluate the impact of solvent choice on multiple toxicity endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus (FETAX) to assess mortality, malformation, and growth.
  • Tested three solvents: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, and triethylene glycol (TG).
  • Used two teratogens: methylmercury chloride (MMC) and trichloroethylene (TCE).

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Main Results:

  • DMSO potentiated lethality of both MMC and TCE but did not significantly affect malformation rates.
  • Acetone increased mortality for both teratogens and enhanced MMC-induced malformations beyond additive effects.
  • Triethylene glycol (TG) increased mortality and malformation only with TCE; all solvents showed additive effects on growth.

Conclusions:

  • Carrier solvents can significantly influence aquatic bioassay outcomes, even at no-observable-effect concentrations.
  • The choice of solvent is critical and requires careful consideration to ensure accurate toxicity assessments.
  • Different solvents can lead to varied results across different toxicity endpoints, highlighting the complexity of solvent-test material interactions.