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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

Race coding and the other-race effect in face recognition.

Gillian Rhodes¹, Vance Locke, Louise Ewing

¹School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. gill@psy.uwa.edu.au

|April 30, 2009

Summary

The race-coding hypothesis suggests people recognize other-race faces less due to focusing on race, not individual features. This study found that explicitly coding race did not reduce this other-race effect, challenging the hypothesis.

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Published on: June 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Psychology
Perception

Background:

The other-race effect describes the phenomenon where individuals recognize faces of their own race better than those of other races.
Levin's race-coding hypothesis proposes this deficit arises from prioritizing race-specific information over individual facial details for non-own-race faces.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the race-coding hypothesis by examining whether explicitly instructing participants to code race information for all faces eliminates the other-race effect.
To investigate the impact of different encoding strategies (race typicality, race categorization, attractiveness rating, individuation) on the other-race effect.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted. Participants rated or categorized faces by race to induce race coding.
A control group rated face attractiveness (Experiment 1).
In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to individuate other-race faces.

Main Results:

Explicitly coding race did not reduce the other-race effect; it marginally increased it in one experiment.
Rating face attractiveness unexpectedly amplified the other-race effect.
The other-race effect was eliminated when participants were instructed to individuate other-race faces.

Conclusions:

The findings do not support the race-coding hypothesis.
Deeper or different types of face encoding do not consistently reduce the other-race effect.
Reduced perceptual expertise and motivation to individuate may underlie the other-race effect.