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Personality in advanced old age: continuity or change?

D Field1, R E Millsap

  • 1Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley.

Journal of Gerontology
|November 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Personality development continues into old age, with some traits changing and others remaining stable. This longitudinal study reveals personality continuity and change in later life.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Personality Science

Background:

  • Personality development is often studied in younger populations.
  • Limited research explores personality changes in advanced old age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate personality development and continuity in elderly individuals.
  • To identify specific personality traits that change or remain stable in later life.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study design was employed.
  • Elderly participants were assessed over time for personality trait development.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of personality development was found in advanced old age.
  • Five personality traits, similar to those in younger individuals, were identified.

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  • While continuity was observed, changes included increased agreeableness in the old-old and a decline in extraversion.
  • Satisfaction and intellect showed high stability (65% and 63% respectively).
  • The 'energetic' trait (40% decline) appeared influenced by environmental factors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Personality development persists throughout the lifespan, including advanced old age.
    • Findings confirm and extend previous longitudinal research on personality development into the final life stages.