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Urinary steroid excretion by the squirrel monkey (Saimuri sciureus).

K D Setchell, K S Chua, R L Himsworth

    The Journal of Endocrinology
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Squirrel monkeys excrete large amounts of free cortisol in urine, unlike humans. A novel steroid glucuronide conjugate was also identified in their urinary steroid profile.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding primate steroid metabolism provides insights into evolutionary biology and physiological differences.
    • The squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) serves as a model organism for studying primate physiology, yet its urinary steroid profile is not fully characterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively analyze the urinary steroid and steroid conjugate profile of the squirrel monkey.
    • To identify and characterize novel steroid metabolites in squirrel monkey urine.
    • To compare the squirrel monkey's steroid excretion pattern with that of humans.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of urinary steroids and steroid conjugates in squirrel monkeys.
    • Identification and structural characterization of major urinary steroid metabolites, including glucuronide conjugates.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of steroid output following administration of dexamethasone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

    • Main Results:

    • The principal urinary steroids identified were cortisol, 20beta-dihydrocortisol, alpha- and beta-cortol, and alpha- and beta-cortolone.
    • A significant portion of excreted steroids were unconjugated, with a notable high concentration of urinary free cortisol.
    • A previously unidentified steroid, 3beta,17alpha,20xi,21-tetrahydroxy-5beta-pregnan-11-one, was found as a major glucuronide conjugate.

    Conclusions:

    • Squirrel monkeys exhibit a distinct urinary steroid excretion pattern, characterized by high free cortisol levels and the presence of a novel glucuronide conjugate.
    • The excretion profile differs significantly from humans, particularly regarding tetrahydrocortisone and tetrahydrocortisol.
    • The response to dexamethasone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone suggests complex regulatory mechanisms in squirrel monkey steroidogenesis.