Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026

05:37
Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
Published on: October 1, 2007
Bilateral simultaneous intravitreal injections in the office setting.
Sophie J Bakri1, Miguel Risco, Albert O Edwards
1Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. sophie@mayo.edu
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 1, 2009
Summary
Simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections are well tolerated in an office setting. Careful technique minimizes complications, though patient counseling on risks is essential.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Retinal Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Intravitreal injections are a common treatment for various retinal conditions.
- Bilateral simultaneous injections may offer convenience but raise safety concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the outcomes and safety of simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections administered in an office setting.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case series reviewed 35 patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections.
- Data included indications, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity (VA), and complications.
- Medications included bevacizumab, ranibizumab, triamcinolone, and dexamethasone.
Main Results:
- 208 injections were given, with a mean of 5.9 per patient.
- Indications included age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion.
- Mean VA showed no significant change (20/96 to 20/91, P=.40).
- One case of culture-negative endophthalmitis occurred, with VA improving to 20/80.
Conclusions:
- Simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections are well-tolerated when using sterile techniques for each eye.
- No patients requested unilateral injections after experiencing bilateral ones.
- Counseling patients on potential risks is crucial.
Related Concept Videos
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

