Chambers of the Heart
Fetal Circulation
Heart Valves
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) typically closes within hours, but anatomic closure takes weeks. Differentiating PDA and atrial septal defects in newborns requires careful, long-term observation due to diagnostic challenges.
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