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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Elevated parathyroid hormone levels after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Aviram Mizrachi1, Hanna Gilat, Gideon Bachar

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Head & Neck
|May 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Approximately 25% of patients may experience elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after parathyroidectomy, even with normal calcium. High preoperative PTH levels can predict this persistent postoperative elevation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism can result in elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels despite normal serum calcium (eucalcemia).
  • The clinical significance and risk factors for this postoperative finding require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of elevated PTH with eucalcemia post-parathyroidectomy.
  • To assess the clinical significance of this finding.
  • To identify risk factors associated with persistent high PTH levels.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-six patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism were monitored postoperatively.
  • Patients with elevated PTH (>70 pg/mL) were followed for 18 months.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen patients (25%) exhibited high postoperative PTH levels with normal calcium.
  • This group had higher average preoperative PTH levels (224.89 vs 156.86 pg/mL) and a smaller intraoperative PTH decrease compared to others.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated PTH with eucalcemia occurs in about 25% of patients post-parathyroidectomy.
  • Preoperative PTH levels exceeding 225 pg/mL may predict persistent postoperative elevation.
  • Further evaluation of calcium, bone density, and cardiac function is recommended for affected individuals.