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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

High performance diffuse reflectance circular dichroism spectrophotometer.

Takunori Harada1, Yuichi Miyoshi, Reiko Kuroda

  • 1ERATO-SORST Kuroda Chiromorphology Team, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-7-6 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new universal chiroptical spectrophotometer (UCS-3) significantly enhances diffuse reflectance circular dichroism (DRCD) measurements. This advanced instrument offers 20x greater sensitivity, enabling high-efficiency DRCD analysis of powdered samples down to 190 nm.

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13:31

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Chiroptical analysis
  • Analytical instrumentation

Background:

  • Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is crucial for determining molecular chirality.
  • Diffuse reflectance CD (DRCD) extends CD measurements to powdered and solid samples.
  • Existing instrumentation has limitations in sensitivity and wavelength range for DRCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel dual-purpose transmittance and diffuse reflectance circular dichroism spectrophotometer.
  • To improve the sensitivity and efficiency of DRCD measurements, particularly at shorter wavelengths.
  • To enable in situ DRCD analysis of powdered samples with reduced sample quantities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Universal Chiroptical Spectrophotometer-3 (UCS-3), an upgraded version of UCS-2.
  • Incorporation of an optimized integrating sphere, baffle, and condenser lens for enhanced optical performance.
  • Characterization of DRCD spectral measurement capabilities down to 190 nm.

Main Results:

  • The UCS-3 demonstrates high efficiency in measuring DRCD spectra down to 190 nm.
  • The new instrument exhibits approximately 20 times higher sensitivity compared to the previous UCS-2.
  • Achieved high-quality DRCD spectra using only 50 µg of (S)-(+)-1,1(')-binaphthyl-2,2(')-diyl hydrogen phosphate, a significant reduction from 1.12 mg required for UCS-2.

Conclusions:

  • The developed UCS-3 is a powerful instrument for sensitive and efficient DRCD measurements of powdered samples.
  • The enhanced sensitivity allows for chiral analysis with significantly smaller sample amounts.
  • This advancement facilitates broader applications of DRCD spectroscopy in various scientific fields.