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Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
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DPPI may activate KLK4 during enamel formation.

C E Tye1, C T Pham, J P Simmer

  • 1Department of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) activates Kallikrein-4 (KLK4), a key enzyme in enamel formation. Loss of DPPI in mice leads to softer enamel, highlighting DPPI

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mineralized Tissues

Background:

  • Kallikrein-4 (KLK4) is a crucial serine protease for enamel matrix maturation during tooth development.
  • KLK4 is secreted as an inactive zymogen (pro-KLK4), and its activating enzyme has not been identified.
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), a cysteine aminopeptidase, is known to activate various serine proteases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of DPPI in the mouse enamel organ.
  • To determine if DPPI can activate pro-KLK4.
  • To assess the impact of DPPI deficiency on enamel properties.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time PCR was used to analyze DPPI gene expression during amelogenesis.
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed DPPI localization in mouse incisor ameloblasts.
  • In vitro assays demonstrated DPPI's ability to activate pro-KLK4 and cleave a specific peptide substrate.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microhardness testing evaluated mature enamel from DPPI null mice.

Main Results:

  • DPPI expression was detected throughout amelogenesis, peaking during the maturation stage.
  • DPPI successfully activated pro-KLK4 in vitro, enabling proteolytic cleavage.
  • Mature enamel from DPPI null mice showed no significant protein accumulation but exhibited reduced microhardness.

Conclusions:

  • DPPI is expressed in mouse ameloblasts and actively participates in enamel maturation.
  • DPPI is identified as a functional activator of KLK4.
  • The absence of DPPI impairs enamel hardness, underscoring its critical role in tooth development and integrity.