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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Imaging Calcium Dynamics in Subpopulations of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells
08:03

Imaging Calcium Dynamics in Subpopulations of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells

Published on: November 26, 2019

Calcaneogenesis.

M R Brinker1, D P Loncarich, E G Melissinos

  • 1Texas Orthopedic Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. mb53@fondren.com

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
|May 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis successfully lengthened the calcaneum bone after infection removal. This innovative technique allowed the patient to walk normally in regular shoes, restoring function.

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Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Calcium Dynamics in Acute Mouse Pancreatic Tissue Slices
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Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection
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Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Imaging Calcium Dynamics in Subpopulations of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells
08:03

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Published on: November 26, 2019

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Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection
10:39

Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection

Published on: July 5, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis of the calcaneum can necessitate extensive debridement, leading to bone defects.
  • Restoring calcaneal length is crucial for normal gait and function.

Observation:

  • A case study involving a patient with a calcaneal defect post-osteomyelitis debridement.
  • The defect was addressed using Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis.

Findings:

  • Successful lengthening of the remaining calcaneum was achieved.
  • The patient regained the ability to walk normally in unmodified footwear.

Implications:

  • Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis is a viable reconstructive option for significant calcaneal defects.
  • This technique can restore functional ambulation after severe bone infection and resection.