Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

"It's your body… so it's just nice to know what they're putting in it" A qualitative study of women's views and experiences of caesarean section, antibiotic use and infection.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026

Same author

Atypical femoral fractures in a Mexican cohort of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta. Analysis of trajectories.

Acta ortopedica mexicana·2026

Same author

Latin American patients' perceptions on osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment: The IOF Patient Advisory Group in Latin America.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2025

Same author

Joint position on quality indicators for fragility hip fracture in Mexico.

Archives of osteoporosis·2025

Same author

Optimisation of vitamin D status in global populations.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2024

Same author

Subclinical to catastrophic: a range of outcomes in cerebral air embolism.

Emergency radiology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Dual-conjugate wavefront generation for adaptive optics.

T L Kelly, D F Buscher, P Clark

|May 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We tested an astronomical adaptive optics system using a dual-layer turbulence simulator. Performance degrades with off-axis angle, paving the way for multi-conjugate adaptive optics.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Astronomy
Optical Engineering

Background:

Adaptive optics (AO) systems correct for atmospheric turbulence to improve astronomical imaging.
Multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) aims to correct turbulence over a wider field of view.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the isoplanatic performance of an astronomical AO system in a laboratory setting.
To quantify the degradation of AO correction with increasing off-axis angle.
To validate a dual-layer turbulence simulator for MCAO development.

Main Methods:

Utilized a laboratory-based dual-layer turbulence simulator to mimic atmospheric conditions.
Tested an astronomical adaptive optics system with the simulator.
Measured the system's performance at various off-axis angles.

Main Results:

Demonstrated quantifiable multi-layer turbulence generation in the lab.
Observed a clear degradation in adaptive correction performance as the off-axis angle increased.
Provided experimental data on the isoplanatic performance limitations of a single AO system.

Conclusions:

The laboratory setup successfully simulates multi-layer atmospheric turbulence.
Off-axis performance is a critical factor limiting the field of view for AO systems.
These findings are a crucial step towards the development and validation of multi-conjugate adaptive optics.