[Ultrasound guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia]

Ultrasound imaging is being used to guide pediatric nerve block procedures. Difficulties that arise because of the smaller anatomical structures in children can be compensated for by the greater aqueous consistency and reduced calcification. Given the shorter distance between the surface of the skin and nerves, it is advisable to use a linear array transducer working at a high frequency (7-10 MHz). Like adults, children benefit when ultrasound guidance is used in the performance of neuraxial nerve trunk blocks, particularly of the umbilical and ilioinguinal nerves, and in greater measure in spinal blocks. Ultrasound guidance enhances efficacy and also affords the important advantage of greater safety. The main disadvantages are the cost of equipment and the necessary learning curve.