Keyhole to the brain: Walter Dandy and neuroendoscopy

In the early 1920s, Walter E. Dandy began translating the field of endoscopy to neurosurgery. In the ensuing years, Dandy, who would become known as the "Father of Neuroendoscopy," applied his own ingenuity in combination with guidance from prominent medical contemporaries in the development of the early neuroendoscope. This paper reviews his contributions to the early evolution of this growing and important field of neurosurgery.