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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Meiosis I01:49

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
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Published on: August 25, 2019

Information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome: ethnic differences in knowledge.

Mirjam P Fransen1, Hajo Wildschut, Ineke Vogel

  • 1Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.fransen@erasmusmc.nl

Patient Education and Counseling
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Information about Down syndrome screening is provided to pregnant women, but ethnic disparities in knowledge persist. Language barriers and comprehension difficulties affect Turkish and Surinamese women, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

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Published on: September 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Maternal Health
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prenatal screening for Down syndrome is a crucial component of modern obstetric care.
  • Effective communication of complex medical information is vital for informed decision-making.
  • Ethnic disparities in healthcare access and outcomes are a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the quality and accessibility of information regarding Down syndrome prenatal screening for women of Dutch, Turkish, and Surinamese backgrounds.
  • To investigate the impact of information provision on ethnic variations in knowledge about Down syndrome and prenatal screening.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 105 Dutch, 100 Turkish, and 65 Surinamese pregnant women in The Netherlands.
  • Personal interviews conducted with participants after booking for prenatal care.

Main Results:

  • Most women received information on prenatal screening from healthcare providers.
  • Turkish and Surinamese women reported lower engagement with and understanding of the provided information compared to Dutch women.
  • Ethnic differences in knowledge about Down syndrome, prenatal screening, and amniocentesis were substantial, largely explained by language proficiency and educational attainment.

Conclusions:

  • Despite reported information provision, significant ethnic knowledge gaps regarding Down syndrome and prenatal screening exist.
  • Interventions must address language barriers and tailor information to the comprehension levels of ethnic minority women to improve prenatal screening knowledge.