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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

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Published on: January 29, 2014

Auditory processing disorder in perisylvian syndrome.

Mirela Boscariol1, Vera Lúcia Garcia, Catarina Abraão Guimarães

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.

Brain & Development
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Children with perisylvian polymicrogyria exhibit auditory processing abnormalities. These findings suggest the perisylvian polymicrogyric cortex is functionally different from normal cortex.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Perisylvian polymicrogyria is a cortical malformation affecting brain regions crucial for language and sensory processing.
  • Auditory processing deficits have been anecdotally reported in individuals with perisylvian polymicrogyria, but systematic characterization is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize auditory processing in children diagnosed with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.
  • To compare auditory processing abilities between children with perisylvian polymicrogyria and typically developing controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of ten patients with perisylvian polymicrogyria (bilateral or bilateral posterior) and seven age-matched controls underwent comprehensive audiological assessments.
  • Evaluations included standard audiometry, behavioral auditory tests such as the digits dichotic test, nonverbal dichotic test, and random gap detection tests.
  • Neurological and neuroimaging assessments, along with intellectual quotient evaluations, were also conducted.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences were observed between the perisylvian polymicrogyria group and controls in several behavioral auditory tests.
  • Specific deficits were noted in the digits dichotic test, nonverbal dichotic test (particularly in right-ear attention), and random gap detection tests.
  • A correlation was found between the severity of auditory processing abnormalities and the extent of the cortical malformation.

Conclusions:

  • Children with perisylvian polymicrogyria demonstrate significant abnormalities in auditory processing.
  • The perisylvian polymicrogyric cortex appears to be functionally atypical, impacting auditory information processing.
  • The degree of auditory dysfunction correlates with the severity of the underlying cortical malformation.