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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
08:27

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Forearm instability.

Jennifer B Green1, David S Zelouf

  • 1The Philadelphia Hand Center, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19406, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forearm instability, caused by damage to key stabilizers, is often missed, leading to poor outcomes. This article clarifies forearm anatomy and discusses diagnosis and treatment for this complex condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
08:27

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Forearm instability results from traumatic disruption of stabilizers: radial head, interosseous membrane, and triangular fibrocartilage complex.
  • This condition is frequently underrecognized and inadequately treated, leading to adverse patient outcomes.
  • Understanding forearm anatomy is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance understanding of forearm anatomy.
  • To review current concepts in diagnosing forearm instability.
  • To discuss available treatment options for forearm dissociation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical structures stabilizing the forearm.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges associated with forearm instability.
  • Synthesis of current treatment strategies for traumatic forearm dissociation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed anatomical review of the radial head, interosseous membrane, and triangular fibrocartilage complex.
  • Identification of common diagnostic pitfalls.
  • Overview of surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of forearm instability requires a thorough understanding of its complex anatomy.
  • Timely and appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research into optimal management strategies is warranted.