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The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits
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Published on: August 20, 2014

Cyclohexanone contamination from extracorporeal circuits impairs cardiovascular function.

Caitlin S Thompson-Torgerson1, Hunter C Champion, Lakshmi Santhanam

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclohexanone (CHX), a solvent in medical devices, causes hypotension, cardiac issues, and edema. This study confirms CHX replicates morbidities seen in extracorporeal circulation patients.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Use of the Ex Vivo Chandler Loop Apparatus to Assess the Biocompatibility of Modified Polymeric Blood Conduits
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An In Vitro Hemodynamic Loop Model to Investigate the Hemocytocompatibility and Host Cell Activation of Vascular Medical Devices
08:44

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Published on: August 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Toxicology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is vital for cardiopulmonary/renal failure but causes morbidities like edema and cardiac insufficiency.
  • Cyclohexanone (CHX) is a solvent used in ECC circuits and IV bags, raising concerns about fluid contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if CHX leaches into fluids and replicates clinical morbidities associated with ECC.
  • To assess the cardiovascular, neurological, and edema-forming effects of CHX exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed crystalloid fluid from circuits/IV bags for CHX contamination using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • Conducted in vivo rat studies (n=49) infusing CHX or saline to evaluate cardiovascular function, baroreflex responsiveness, and edema formation.

Main Results:

  • Detected CHX contamination in sampled fluids (9.63-3,694 microg/l).
  • CHX infusion caused systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, depressed cardiac function, and elevated vascular resistance (P < 0.05).
  • CHX impaired baroreflex responsiveness and significantly increased edema formation (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Cyclohexanone contamination in extracorporeal circuits can replicate clinical morbidities.
  • Findings highlight the potential toxicological risks of CHX in medical devices.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate CHX leaching and patient risk.