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Electroreception in the euryhaline stingray, Dasyatis sabina.

D W McGowan¹, S M Kajiura

¹Florida Atlantic University, Biological Sciences, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|May 5, 2009

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Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) show significantly reduced electrosensitivity in freshwater environments. This adaptation is crucial for their survival across varying salinities, impacting their ability to detect prey.

Area of Science:

Marine biology
Sensory physiology
Elasmobranch biology

Background:

The Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina) is a euryhaline elasmobranch found in diverse salinity environments.
Understanding sensory adaptations is key to comprehending species' ecological niches and survival strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the electrosensitivity of Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) across a spectrum of salinities.
To compare electrosensory performance between freshwater and brackish/saltwater populations.

Main Methods:

Behavioral responses to simulated prey electric stimuli were measured in freshwater (0 p.p.t.), brackish (15 p.p.t.), and saltwater (35 p.p.t.).
Electric field thresholds and orientation distances were quantified for stingrays from both freshwater and estuarine populations.

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Main Results:

Electrosensitivity was significantly reduced in freshwater, requiring 200-300x greater electric fields to elicit feeding responses.
Maximum prey detection range decreased by 35.2% in freshwater compared to brackish and saltwater conditions.
Stingrays did not show enhanced freshwater electrosensitivity or reduced sensitivity in higher salinities; responses were salinity-dependent, not population-specific.

Conclusions:

The reduced electrosensitivity in freshwater is linked to water resistivity and ampullary canal function.
The Atlantic stingray's electrosensory system exhibits remarkable plasticity, enabling function across a wide range of salinities.
This sensory adaptability highlights its evolutionary significance for survival in variable estuarine and marine environments.