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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Precision-to-tolerance capability: an important consideration in tight glucose control.

Catherine Prinzing1, Sarah Rosenlund, Vicki Sukeena

  • 1Trinity Health-Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center in Boise, Idaho. USA.

American Journal of Critical Care : an Official Publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Point-of-care glucose meters show significant bias and variance in cardiac surgery patients, especially with varying hematocrit levels. This impacts accuracy, questioning suitability for tight glycemic control post-surgery.

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Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
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Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Accurate glucose monitoring is critical in cardiac surgery patients.
  • Postoperative hematocrit levels can widely fluctuate.
  • Point-of-care (POC) glucose meters are used for rapid assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical implications of bias and variance in POC glucometric measurements.
  • To assess POC glucose meter performance in cardiac surgery patients with diverse postoperative hematocrit levels.

Main Methods:

  • Compared POC glucose measurements with laboratory analysis from arterial blood samples.
  • Analyzed bias using difference scores and variance using precision-to-tolerance analysis.
  • Grouped patients by hematocrit (5% increments) and used ANOVA for significance testing.

Main Results:

  • POC glucose readings showed a mean bias of 10.85 mg/dL compared to laboratory values.
  • Bias significantly increased with lower hematocrit levels (e.g., +16.71 mg/dL for 20-24% hematocrit).
  • Precision-to-tolerance ratios indicated the POC device was unsuitable for tighter glycemic control targets.

Conclusions:

  • POC glucose meter bias is influenced by hematocrit levels in cardiac surgery patients.
  • The tested POC device did not meet stringent glycemic control standards.
  • Clinical decisions based on POC glucose readings in this population require careful consideration of potential inaccuracies.