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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization
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Published on: September 8, 2023

Using polarization to find a source in a turbid medium.

Julia Clark1, Pedro González-Rodríguez, Arnold D Kim

  • 1School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344, USA.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study uses radiative transport theory to locate partially polarized light sources within a scattering medium. The method effectively determines source depth and strength for shallow sources, but is limited by polarization diversity at greater depths.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Radiative Transfer Theory
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Understanding light propagation in scattering media is crucial for various applications.
  • Partially polarized light scattering presents unique challenges in remote sensing and imaging.
  • Radiative transport theory provides a framework for modeling light interactions in complex media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for recovering the depth and strength of a planar light source.
  • To investigate the application of radiative transport theory to partially polarized light.
  • To assess the limitations and sensitivities of the proposed inversion method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the theory of radiative transport for multiple scattering analysis.
  • Analyzing angular integrals of orthogonal polarization components of exiting light.
  • Employing a two-stage inversion process: nonlinear equation for depth, linear least-squares for strength.
  • Assuming Rayleigh scattering for light-medium interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully recovered source depth and strength for shallow sources (within a transport mean-free path).
  • Demonstrated that polarization diversity is insufficient for deeper sources.
  • Identified sensitivity of the method to instrument noise.
  • Validated the approach through numerical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a viable approach for shallow subsurface light source localization.
  • Polarization information is critical for accurate source recovery in scattering media.
  • Further research is needed to extend the method's applicability to greater depths and mitigate noise sensitivity.