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The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Prophylaxis of migraine.

Ivan Garza¹, Jerry W Swanson

¹Headache Division, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

|May 5, 2009

Summary

Migraine prevention medication is crucial for many, but treatment must be personalized. This review guides decisions on choosing the best preventive therapy for migraine attacks.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Headache Medicine

Background:

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant disability.
Acute treatments suffice for some, while others require preventive strategies to reduce attack frequency and severity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the decision-making process for selecting migraine preventive treatments.
To discuss factors influencing the choice of prophylactic therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of evidence-based guidelines and research on migraine preventive treatments.
Analysis of variables impacting treatment selection.

Main Results:

Guidelines exist for initiating and setting goals for preventive migraine therapy.
Individualized treatment approaches are necessary, considering patient-specific factors.

Keywords:

migraine prevention prophylaxis

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Available medications differ in efficacy and proposed mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Selecting preventive migraine medication requires careful consideration of individual patient needs and treatment goals.
A comprehensive understanding of available therapies is essential for effective migraine management.