Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and validation of a vision transformer model for radiographic assessment of pediatric humeroradial joint alignment.

Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a multimodal deep learning model for the radiographic classification of pediatric femoral neck fractures.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a deep learning model for radiographic classification of pediatric femoral neck fractures.

Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology·2026
Same author

Nerve Transfer for Triceps Reinnervation in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Injury: Long-Term Functional Results.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2026
Same author

Nerve Transfers and Adjunct Procedures for Restoration of Shoulder External Rotation in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy: Long-Term Outcomes and Review of the Literature.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

The Role of Glenoid Osteotomy in the Treatment of Shoulder Dysplasia in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Block Building Task Identifies Distinct Groups of Left/Right-hand Choice Patterns After Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Injury
07:06

Block Building Task Identifies Distinct Groups of Left/Right-hand Choice Patterns After Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Injury

Published on: March 21, 2025

Upper limb nerve injuries in developmental age.

Filippo M Senes1, Riccardo Campus, Flavio Becchetti

  • 1Orthopedics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy. filipposenes@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it

Microsurgery
|May 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study on pediatric peripheral nerve injuries found that median and radial nerve injuries have a good prognosis, while ulnar nerve injuries fare poorly. Surgical exploration is recommended at 6 months if conservative treatment fails.

More Related Videos

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Block Building Task Identifies Distinct Groups of Left/Right-hand Choice Patterns After Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Injury
07:06

Block Building Task Identifies Distinct Groups of Left/Right-hand Choice Patterns After Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Injury

Published on: March 21, 2025

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric surgery
  • Neurology
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries in children's upper limbs are often trauma-related.
  • Understanding injury types, locations, and outcomes is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a therapeutic approach for pediatric upper limb peripheral nerve injuries.
  • To determine optimal waiting times for surgical exploration of these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A case series analysis of 105 children with peripheral nerve injuries.
  • Evaluation included lesion type, nerve injury site, motor/sensory outcomes, recovery time, and surgical results.
  • Treatment strategies involved immediate repair for open injuries and delayed surgery for closed injuries.

Main Results:

  • Open injuries (Sunderland V) were treated with direct suturing, grafts, or tubules.
  • Closed nerve injuries required a waiting period before surgical intervention.
  • Median and radial nerve injuries showed favorable outcomes, unlike ulnar nerve injuries.
  • Surgical intervention was suggested at 6 months post-injury if no clinical improvement was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt surgical intervention is recommended for open injuries.
  • A 6-month waiting period is suggested for closed injuries before surgical exploration, especially if conservative measures fail.
  • Early skeletal fixation is vital for fractures with potential nerve involvement.