Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Innate Immune Response Against Batai Virus, Bunyamwera Virus, and Their Reassortants.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Comparative meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies in spinal muscular atrophy: comparison between tissues and mouse models.

BMC medical genomics·2024
Same author

Combined Analysis of Multi-Study miRNA and mRNA Expression Data Shows Overlap of Selected miRNAs Involved in West Nile Virus Infections.

Genes·2024
Same author

Simultaneous Inference of Multiple Binary Endpoints in Biomedical Research: Small Sample Properties of Multiple Marginal Models and a Resampling Approach.

Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift·2024
Same author

Discordant Health Implications and Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Prostate Cancer: A Critical Appraisal of the Literature Data.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Grainyhead-like 2 Deficiency and Kidney Cyst Growth in a Mouse Model.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

On the interaction between incisor crown-root morphology and third-order angulation.

Michael Knösel1, Klaus Jung, Thomas Attin

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center of Dentistry, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany 37099. mknoesel@yahoo.de

The Angle Orthodontist
|May 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Crown-root angles (CRAs) significantly differ between Angle Class II division 2 incisors and neutral occlusion. This study advises against using uniform third-order angles, recommending routine CRA assessment for Angle Class II division 2 treatment planning.

More Related Videos

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Morphology
  • Biometrics

Background:

  • Crown-root angles (CRAs) are crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Angle Class II division 2 malocclusion presents unique incisor positioning challenges.
  • Understanding the relationship between axial inclination and third-order angles is vital for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the significance of CRAs by comparing third-order angles to axial inclination values in Angle Class II division 2 incisors versus a neutral occlusion control.
  • To test the null hypothesis of no significant differences in these angular deviations.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 130 white individuals, divided into Angle Class II division 2 (n=62) and neutral occlusion (n=68) groups.
  • Cephalometric analysis of upper central incisor inclination (U1NA, U1PP) and craniofacial relationships (SNA, SNB, ANB).
  • Measurement of third-order angles using an incisor inclination gauge on dental casts, followed by Welch's t-tests and regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference (P < .001) was found in the discrepancy between axial inclination and third-order angles between the two groups.
  • Regression analysis indicated only a moderate correlation between third-order measurements and axial inclinations or sagittal craniofacial structures.

Conclusions:

  • The null hypothesis was rejected, indicating significant differences in angular deviations.
  • The findings caution against applying uniform third-order angles without considering the diminished CRAs typical in Angle Class II division 2 cases.
  • Routine CRA assessment is recommended for orthodontic treatment planning in Angle Class II division 2 patients.