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Angioedema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
Summary
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like enalapril can cause rare but serious angioedema. Prompt recognition and drug discontinuation are key for rapid cure and preventing recurrence.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely prescribed for hypertension and heart failure.
- Angioedema is a known, albeit rare, side effect of ACE inhibitor therapy.
- Enalapril is a commonly used ACE inhibitor.
Observation:
- Two cases of angioedema associated with therapeutic enalapril doses are presented.
- The angioedema affected facial and oral pharyngeal regions.
- The onset of angioedema was subacute in presentation.
Findings:
- ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, though rare, is a significant adverse event.
- Early identification of enalapril as the causative agent is crucial.
- Discontinuation of the ACE inhibitor leads to rapid resolution.
Implications:
- Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema.
- Prompt diagnosis and drug withdrawal can prevent severe complications.
- Awareness of this side effect aids in managing acute episodes and preventing recurrence.