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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization
12:37

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Published on: August 22, 2013

Sequencing single DNA molecules in real time.

Jenny Ibach1, Susanne Brakmann

  • 1Department of Chemical Biology/BCMT, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers directly observed a DNA-polymerase sequencing engine, enabling real-time, single-molecule sequencing by synthesis. This breakthrough uses fluorescent nucleotides and specialized waveguides for low-cost, genome-scale DNA analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Single-molecule detection techniques are advancing DNA sequencing.
  • Real-time sequencing by synthesis offers potential for cost reduction and increased throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe and characterize a DNA-polymerase-based sequencing engine.
  • To demonstrate real-time, single-molecule sequencing by synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single-molecule detection to observe a DNA-polymerase in action.
  • Employing nucleotides with fluorescent markers on the 5'-phosphate unit.
  • Leveraging zero-mode waveguides for enhanced signal detection.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of the DNA-polymerase sequencing process at the single-molecule level.
  • Successful real-time sequencing by synthesis achieved.
  • Identification of key components enabling the process.

Conclusions:

  • The direct observation validates a novel DNA sequencing engine.
  • This approach using fluorescent nucleotides and waveguides promises low-cost, genome-scale sequencing.