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High hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Kajsa Paulsson1, Bertil Johansson
1Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. kajsa.paulsson@med.lu.se
Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
|May 6, 2009
Summary
High hyperdiploidy, a common genetic change in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), involves extra chromosomes and indicates a favorable prognosis. Further research is exploring its origins and impact.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cytogenetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- High hyperdiploidy (51-67 chromosomes) is the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), present in 25-30% of cases.
- This subgroup is defined by nonrandom chromosome gains (X, 4, 6, 10, 14, 17, 18, 21) and is associated with a favorable clinical outcome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding high hyperdiploidy in childhood ALL.
- To address remaining questions concerning its epidemiology, etiology, associated genetic alterations, and pathogenetic mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent and previous studies on high hyperdiploid childhood ALL.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on cytogenetic, molecular, and clinical aspects.
Main Results:
- High hyperdiploidy is a well-defined cytogenetic subgroup of childhood ALL with a favorable prognosis.
- Recent studies have begun to elucidate the epidemiology, etiology, and genetic landscape of this ALL subtype.
Conclusions:
- Despite its frequency and favorable prognosis, the precise origins and pathogenetic consequences of high hyperdiploidy require further investigation.
- Continued research is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of high hyperdiploid childhood ALL.
