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Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another cell. These cell junctions are classified into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

Published on: January 24, 2018

Sequential development of intercellular junctions in bioengineered human corneas.

M González-Andrades¹, I Garzón, M I Gascón

¹Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada E18012, Spain.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

|May 6, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue-engineered artificial corneas show intercellular junction formation in multilayered structures. Air-liquid culture promotes development similar to native human corneas, suggesting clinical potential.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

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Published on: September 12, 2014

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Human corneal substitutes were developed using tissue engineering.
These constructs consist of an artificial stroma and a corneal epithelium.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate intercellular junction formation and epithelial differentiation in engineered human corneas.
To compare junction development under different culture conditions.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of artificial corneal stroma using fibrin and agarose scaffolds with keratocytes.
Culture of human corneal epithelium on the artificial stroma.
Analysis using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and microarray.
Comparison between submerged and air-liquid culture techniques.

Main Results:

Artificial corneas with one or two epithelial layers lacked intercellular junctions.
Multilayered corneal substitutes exhibited various cell-cell junctions, notably desmosomes.
Gene expression of plakoglobin 3 (PKG3), desmoglein 3 (DSG3), desmoplakin (DSP), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and 2 (ZO-2), and connexin 37 (Cx37) was higher in mature constructs.
Air-liquid culture resulted in gene and protein expression patterns similar to native human corneas, with specific localization of PKG3, DSG3, and DSP.

Conclusions:

Multilayered corneal substitutes cultured using air-liquid techniques develop a well-formed epithelium resembling native human corneas.
These engineered corneas show potential for clinical applications and in vitro research.
Intercellular junction formation is dependent on epithelial stratification and culture conditions.