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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Long-term Video Tracking of Cohoused Aquatic Animals: A Case Study of the Daily Locomotor Activity of the Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)
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Top marine predators track Lagrangian coherent structures.

Emilie Tew Kai1, Vincent Rossi, Joel Sudre

  • 1Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR 109, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Sète Cedex, France. emilie.tewkai@ird.fr

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Great Frigatebirds precisely track submesoscale ocean structures in the Mozambique Channel to find food. This study reveals how marine predators use these dynamic ocean features for foraging success.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Marine Ecology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Meso- and submesoscale ocean features significantly impact marine ecosystems and predator distribution.
  • The foraging behavior and movement of marine top predators are influenced by ocean dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of submesoscale structures in the Mozambique Channel on Great Frigatebird distribution.
  • To provide the first evidence of a top predator tracking finite-size Lyapunov exponent (FSLE) ridges for locating food patches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a newly developed dynamic concept, the finite-size Lyapunov exponent (FSLE), to identify Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs).
  • Analyzed surface ocean flow data over a 2-month period (August-September 2003).
  • Compared satellite positions of Great Frigatebirds with identified LCS locations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Great Frigatebirds precisely track LCSs in the Mozambique Channel.
  • Provided evidence that frigatebirds use FSLE ridges to locate food patches.
  • Observed frigatebird association with tuna schools around foraging areas.

Conclusions:

  • Great Frigatebirds actively track submesoscale ocean structures for foraging.
  • Hypotheses proposed for how frigatebirds utilize visual, olfactory, or atmospheric cues to follow LCSs.
  • Understanding frigatebird foraging is crucial for seabird ecology and ecosystem-based fisheries management in the channel.